Friday, December 27, 2019

Elizabethan Era - 11072 Words

The Elizabethan Age is the time period associated with the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603) and is often considered to be a golden age in English history. It was an age considered to be the height of the English Renaissance, and saw the full flowering of English literature and English poetry. In Elizabethan theater, William Shakespeare, among others, composed and staged plays in a variety of settings that broke away from Englands past style of plays. It was an age of expansion and exploration abroad, while at home the Protestant Reformation was established and successfully defended against the Catholic powers of the Continent. The Elizabethan Age is viewed so highly because of the contrasts with the periods before and after. It was†¦show more content†¦There followed several long years of breathless suspense; then in 1588 the Armada sailed and was utterly overwhelmed in one of the most complete disasters of the worlds history. Thereupon the released energy of England broke out exultantly into still more impetuous achievement in almost every line of activity. The great literary period is taken by common consent to begin with the publication of Spensers Shepherds Calendar in 1579, and to end in some sense at the death of Elizabeth in 1603, though in the drama, at least, it really continues many years longer. Several general characteristics of Elizabethan literature and writers should be indicated at the outset. 1. The period has the great variety of almost unlimited creative force; it includes works of many kinds in both verse and prose, and ranges in spirit from the loftiest Platonic idealism or the most delightful romance to the level of very repulsive realism. 2. It was mainly dominated, however, by the spirit of romance. 3. It was full also of the spirit of dramatic action, as befitted an age whose restless enterprise was eagerly extending itself to every quarter of the globe. 4. In style it often exhibitsShow MoreRelatedThe Elizabethan Era1461 Words   |  6 PagesWay way back long ago there was a time period called â€Å"The Elizabethan era†. It was full of many wonderful things, such as fashion. They had a very particular fashion. The Elizabethan era was the Queen Elizabeth Is reign which was from 1558–1603. It took place in England. It is also known as the golden age. This also happened to be when Elizabethan Theatre began to grow and playwrights like Shakespeare composed many plays that changed the way of the old style theatre ways. Towards the end of QueenRead MoreThe During The Elizabethan Era Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesThe Elizabethan theater became a central part of social life in Shakespeare’s time and was a form of entertainment that took people’s minds off the daily hardships during the Elizabethan era. The Elizabethan era is known for its English nationalism and advancements of arts during the English Renaissance. Because of this, the Elizabethan era is considered to be the height of the English Renaissance. England’s working class had a difficult life. Powerful lords owned and governed local districts thatRead MoreThe Elizabethan Era Of Europe1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe Elizabethan era also known as the Tudor period of Europe was an amazing time to be an artist in Europe There were so much culture and life that was created during that time. According to many historians, this time period was the Golden Age of Europe. The Elizabethan era took place between the years 1558-1608. As alluded to be the name of the period this was during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. This Period also was full of Europe colonizing the world. One of Queen Elizabeth’s most famous ChartersRead MoreMedicine in The Elizabethan Era Essay928 Words   |  4 Pages Did you know there was a time where infectious diseases like the common cold could kill you and your family? This was the elizabethan era probably the last time where sickness became the â€Å"grimm reaper† before modern medical advancements. With infectious diseases spreading and killing so many people doctors became desperate. Because these doctors knew very little about medicine, they were completely willing to try experimental treatments on their patients (Alchin). Sadly just about anybody withRead MoreElizabethan Era Crime and Punishment728 Words   |  3 PagesIn the Elizabethan era, doing a crime was the worst mistake of all, depending on how big your crime was, people had to know that their lives were at risk. Every crime was big before, even â€Å"crimes of treason and offenses against the state were treated with that murder and rape today.†(Elizabethan Crime and Punishment) â€Å"Offenses such as manslaughter, robbery, rape, piracy and capital crimes enti tled one to hanging, usually in the town square.† (Elizabethan crime and Punishment) During Queen Elizabeth’sRead MoreThe Elizabethan Era in England Essay1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe Elizabethan Era is often referred to as the Golden Age of England (A Changing View...). The Elizabethan Era, named after Queen Elizabeth I, was a time of change and discovery (Elizabethan Superstitions). Elizabeth ruled in a time of religious turmoil; both the Catholics and Protestants fought to be the official religion of England. (Elizabethan World View). Many people throughout England struggled to find the â€Å"correct† religion (Elizabethan World View). Religion was changing and so did scienceRead MoreFashion During the Elizabethan Era Essay1243 Words   |  5 Pages Have you ever wondered what people in the Elizabethan Era wore? Fashion was just as important in those days as it is to some people today. What people were wearing mattered to others, and even the government. Du ring the Elizabethan Era clothing, accessories, and cosmetics were all a part of daily life. During the Elizabethan Era, there were a set of rules controlling which classes could wear which clothing called the Sumptuary Laws. The Sumptuary Laws controlled the colors and types of clothingRead MoreEssay on Clothes and Fashion of the Elizabethan Era1050 Words   |  5 PagesOf all aspects of Elizabethan culture, the most distinctive is probably the clothing and fashion. A lot of the clothing varied to whether they were a member of the nobility, upper class or the poor. But even if a women or man was wealthy or poor, they were not allowed to wear whatever they wanted. It was a highly fashioned age that prized a look that was artificial, elaborate, and striking. The style of clothing of the Elizabethan Era are easily recognizable today and popular with designers of historicRead MoreEssay on Elizabethan Era Music and Musician535 Words   |  3 PagesHow is Elizabethan Era music different from the music that we listen to during this period of time? The music during the Elizabeth an era is different from today’s music; For example the music during the Elizabethan era is very significant to them due to the fact that it was history being made. This paper will provide you with more information about the music during the Elizabethan era. In fact, Elizabethan tried to please people in the entertainment industry with different musicRead MorePerspectives Of Hamlet During The Elizabethan Era1604 Words   |  7 PagesPerspectives of Hamlet during the Elizabethan Era By: Aanshi Gandhi One of the many beautiful aspects of art is that it gets perceived in many unique ways depending on the viewer’s cultural, political and social views and standpoints. Literature experiences different interpretations all the time and authors use this to their advantage to create a piece of work which remains evergreen. Shakespeare evidently utilises this technique in his most intriguing, and fascinating literary piece, Hamlet. Stuck

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

What is a Hero Essay - 1140 Words

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, a hero is â€Å"a man who exhibits extraordinary bravery, firmness, fortitude, or greatness of soul, in any course of action, or in connection with any pursuit, work, or enterprise; a man admired and venerated for his achievements and noble qualities.† Throughout history there has often been a need for such a human. The epic poem Beowulf narrates the story of a hero named Beowulf who rescues Denmark from several monsters that terrorize it: Grendel and his mother, and later, a dragon. In doing so, he becomes a heroic figure. In addition to his unique birth and purpose, Beowulf performs many impossible feats, and truly is devoted to Denmark in his last breaths. In contrast, the Holy Bible tells the†¦show more content†¦As it has been used in this context as such, it is possible that lines 943-945 are addressing the fact that Beowulf was given as a gift from the Lord of Ages. Regardless if she is a virgin or not, it is clear th at Beowulf’s life–like Christ’s—was given by God. God, however, did not grant these live without reason; indeed, both Beowulf and Christ were born to serve a specific purpose. Beowulf is born to rescue the Danes from Grendel, who routinely attacks its mead-hall called Heorot. In the beginning of the poem, when Hrothgar is talking to Wulfgar, he says that the â€Å"Holy God has, in His goodness, guided him [Beouwulf] here to the West-Danes, to defend us from Grendel† (381-383). No other but Beowulf can defeat Grendel. In Unferth’s speech, he says that, â€Å"no one has ever outlasted an entire night against Grendel† (527-528). This passage confirms that Beowulf is the only solution to the Danes’ problem. Likewise, Christ is the only man â€Å"Who gave himself for our sin, that he might deliver us from this present evil world, according to the will of God and our father† (Gal. 1.4). His purpose on Earth was to die on the cross for our sins. Every human is born in sin (Rom. 3.23), and consequently, ev eryone is destined to die (Rom. 6.23). God’s remedy to this was to give his son, Christ, to die for the sins of the world so that â€Å"†¦whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life† (John. 3.16). His life on Earth served a greater purpose: it allowed allShow MoreRelatedWhat a hero is1160 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word hero is spoken, everyone has different thoughts. Some will think of super powers like flying and saving people from villains; while others have a certain person they know or have heard of that come to mind who have done something to make a difference in the lives of others but who is a hero to you? To answer this question you must first ask yourself what a hero is; what comes to your mind when someone says the word. When I am confronted with these questions I always have the sameRead MoreWhat Makes A Hero Or Hero?812 Words   |  4 Pagesthat man may be, in essence, a hero. Because of this stereotypical â€Å"heroà ¢â‚¬ , we do not see the real heroes in life. What really IS a hero or heroine? A hero is what we make of them, although some are undeserving of this title. We make a hero. You, me, society; we all make heroes. We give them this title. Heroes are role models, and role models, in my eyes, should possess three very significant qualities. Courage, humbleness, and morality; these form a hero. The classic hero. Ah, he’s brave and bold. HeRead MoreHero Essay : What Makes A Hero A Hero?832 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Makes a Hero a Hero? As I have recently sat down with my grandmother, Mary, I asked her questions about a hero and herself being a hero. My grandmother has such an impact on me in daily life along with being a personal hero to me. She is such an inspiration to me in so many ways that I could never think of taking for granted. I chose my grandmother as my hero because of obstacles I have faced, she was the one to show me the love and support I was in need of at the time. Mary shows theRead MoreWhat Makes A Hero?1168 Words   |  5 PagesSuperman, Abraham Lincoln, Gandhi, what do these three have in common? They’re all heroes. But what truly is a hero? Is it one who wins independence for his country, or one that helps an old lady cross the street? And should we aspire to be like this person? Using Brecht’s Life of Galileo, Beethoven’s Heiligenstadt Testament and Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, we’ll attempt to answer that question. A hero typically in today’s culture is considered as someone who is admired for his courage and otherRead MoreWhat is a Hero? Essay528 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is a Hero? There are many types of heroes (such as the ones in comic books, myths, movies, or even just everyday life heroes) but all of them have perseverance when they’re going through a conflict. Heroes are role models and they’re people that we look up too. They all have unique and special qualities that make one another different from each other. For example policemen battle crime everyday and when they’re overcoming a conflict they have determination, courage and other traits that peopleRead MoreWhat Makes a Hero?1209 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is a Hero? What is a hero? What makes him or her different from everyone else? In Phillip Zimbardo’s article â€Å"What Makes a Hero?† he states that heroes surround us. One in five or 20 percent of people qualify as heroes. Seventy-two percent of people report helping another person in a dangerous emergency. Sixteen percent report whistle blowing on an injustice. Six percent report sacrificing for a non-relative or stranger and fifteen percent report defying an unjust authority (1). AlthoughRead More What Is A Hero? Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough their determination and unselfish deeds. However, we may not notice some of society’s other heroes. One such heroic person that comes to my mind is Arnold Schwarzenegger. Many people perceive Arnold as only a blockbuster movie star and not as the hero he truly is. People see the glittery and glamorous fascade of the actor but not the truly heroic acts of the humanitarian. Through his charity work, Arnold has truly touch ed the lives of those who are less fortunate. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ThereRead MoreWhat Makes A Hero?1541 Words   |  7 Pages What is a hero? Is it superman? Is it your mom or dad? Is it your teacher? There are many people that are considered heroes. Some are just every day people, and some are super-human. Characteristics of heroes vary from era to era. Now people who are just simply a good person are considered a hero. But, back in ancient times to become a hero took much more. It took honesty, wisdom, and in some cases, wealth and superhuman abilities. With time new stories and beliefs are uncovered. In ancientRead MoreWhat Makes A Hero?934 Words   |  4 Pages Most people have theories on what makes a hero a hero. Many authors over time have created books, comics and so forth on heroes and what they feel makes them the hero. There are also the ancient legends and myths from all over the world. So what is it that makes them a hero? Well Joseph Campbell has a pretty good outline of what he thinks should define a hero. A hero is a person who in some way breaks the molds of a normal huma n being. Their wisdom, courage, and durability ect. exceedsRead MoreWhat Makes a Hero1664 Words   |  7 Pages2011 What Makes A Hero What makes a hero? Saving a puppy from a burning building? Or what about being a single mother raising three kids and working two jobs? Both of these could be good candidates for heroes since they both possess the characteristic of strength—not just physical strength, but mental strength. This is one of the most important traits of a hero but it is not the only one. Courage, intelligence, and morality are also necessary in order to really get penciled in to the â€Å"hero† category

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

The mysterious man free essay sample

The mysterious man! This was the strangest day of my life. There I was, calmly brushing my teeth, when I realized the face in the mirror wasnt mine. I shrieked in abrupt shock, as I turned around the indistinct figure surprisingly vanished. All I could see was the dark misted window beside me. Who was it? I ran out the nearby door, to see if I could catch the man In action. I was looking around, where could he of gone? I stumbled back Inside frightened of what could show up. I strolled Into the kitchen, wondering what I would do about this unknown face.I started making myself some lunch before I headed off to work. In the window above the bench the face appeared again. I raged out of the kitchen with a pan In my hand. Where are you?! I screamed at the top of my lungs. We will write a custom essay sample on The mysterious man or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What do you want from mere I continued to march out Into the garden. There he was, upright against the fence. Im going to get you this time! I called. I slowly sneaked towards the mysterious guy. As I approached him he turned around, I lumped and screamed, slowly running away. But he was defenseless. So I made a move, gradually heading towards him. What do you want, why are you here? He came closer and closer to me, he was mumbling something, but I couldnt quite make out what he was saying but I was petrified. I held up my pan, who are you? He didnt reply, he looked nervous about something. Suddenly, he charged towards me. I was running as fast as I could. Should I turn around and hit him with the pan, or should I keep running? I came to an immediate stop. I turned around and got a good grip of the pan. I swung the pan and hit him straight in the face. Did I Just do that? I felt really bad for what I just did. Whats all the noise? groaned my cranky neighbor. Dont worry Mike its under control. I replied with confidence. I headed back inside to call the police, leaving the messed up looking man in the garden. I picked up the phone but in an instance, I was grabbed from behind. I got a glimpse of the person, it was the man from the mirror, the man from the kitchen window, the man from the garden! He pushed me on the floor, helps! I cried. There on the bench I could see the pan, I then crawled over to the bench.He snatched my leg pulling me away. I kicked him as hard as I could only Just escaping. I reached for the pan, I closed my fist tightly and swung it backwards hitting him on the head. I then grabbed the phone and dialed 000. The police and ambulance were here in an instant. They checked if the man was okay and thankfully he was. I headed off to the police station for questioning. After a while I was still waiting to be called In, maybe I should have bought that sandwich. I thought to myself. The mysterious man By bethink-Herbert man in action. I was looking around, where could he of gone? I stumbled back inside frightened of what could show up. I strolled into the kitchen, wondering what I out of the kitchen with a pan in my hand. Where are you?! I screamed at the top of my lungs. What do you want from me? I continued to march out into the garden. Jumped and screamed, slowly running away. But he was defenseless. So I made a came closer and closer to me, he was mumbling something, but I couldnt quite make UT what he was saying but I was petrified. I held up my pan, who are you? He didnt keep running? I came to an immediate stop. I turned around and got a good grip of the pan. I swung the pan and hit him straight in the face. Did I Just do that? I felt really bad for what I Just did. Whats all the noise? groaned my cranky neighbor. Dont worry Mike its under control. I replied with confidence.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Interpersonal Communication free essay sample

. In society today, human interaction is an important part of our lives. Devito (2009) suggests that as people we need to interact, share our ideas, influence others, and feel needed. Communication occurs in everyday encounters and influences the development and maintenance of our relationships (Gudykunst Shapiro, 1996). For these relationships to be successful we need strong communication skills. Effective Communication requires both verbal and nonverbal skills to assist the other person in understanding what we are trying to convey (Hargie Dickson, 2003). At times however, communication can breakdown for variety of reasons. Effective communication is complicated there are many elements that impact the communication process (DeVito, 2009). It is essential then, to develop and refine interpersonal skills by practising effective communication, this is beneficial to everyone in both personal and professional relationships (Dresner M 2005). The following paper will discuss the communication process, including verbal and non-verbal interactions and emotional intelligence along with key terms, and factors that impact on communication, Successful strategies and common failures will also be discussed using current literature. We will write a custom essay sample on Interpersonal Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page DeVito (2009) States that communication transpires in many characteristics, including Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Group, Organisational and Mass Communication. Intrapersonal Communication is the internal messages our inner thoughts; it involves memory, planning and imagination. Interpersonal or Dyadic Communication is the communication that happens between two people, whereas Group conversation is between three or more people. Organisational Communication is combination of both dyadic and group communication. Mass Communication is planned for larger groups and involves elements of all communication contexts (DeVito, 2009). The impact of communication changes as the volume of people increase (Gudykunst Shapiro, 1996). Group or Mass communications need an effective communicator to insure the message is relayed effectively. Effective communication can be defined as the process conveying a message between two people (Devito, 2009). The act of producing a message is called encoding conversely the act of understanding the message is called decoding. Communication has a sender who encodes and a receiver who decodes. The sender will encode the message using both verbal and non-verbal communication and relays the message through the correct channel to the receiver, and then looks for feedback. The sender needs a verbal or non-verbal response to ensure effective communication (Gudykunst Shapiro, 1996). Effective communicating needs effective interpersonal skills. This is entails emotional intelligence, motivation and how our emotions affect us personally and in relationships (DeVito, 2009). Emotional Intelligence is essential to make good decisions, solve problems, cope with change and succeed in life (Caruso Salovey, 2009). To communicate effectively one needs to understand their own thoughts and emotions, the better we understand our self the more we can share with others (Devito, 2009). However self-awareness is not an easy process as it can be confronting to look within. (Caruso Salovey, 2009). For effective self-awareness we need to listen to others, share our hidden thoughts our ideas, and look at our self from different perspectives. Caruso Salovey, 2009) Communication is not an easy process especially if we are meeting for the first time (Gudykunst Shapiro, 1996). Building a rapport is the basis for building a relationship. We all have different views, upbringing, experiences, social skills and abilities which impact on the way we respond in conversation. DeVito (2009) suggest building rapport one must maintain an appropriate distance, use the person’ s name, smile and be friendly, ask questions seek out information, maintain eye contact, respond to questions and make them feel comfortable. It is essential then to make interpersonal discoveries to enhance communication (Caruso Salovey, 2009). Communicating with individuals may at time be an unpleasant experience, as you may not agree with their opinion, but for effective communication to continue we must put aside personal views and thoughts, prejudice and cultural differences (Devito, 2009). To be effective in communication one must be effective in listening. Communication (Lewis, Graham, 2003). Active listening requires that we block out noises and distractions around us and that we focus on the speaker’s message to attain a greater understanding of the communicator. (Devito, 2009) Listening is crucial in building relationships and resolving problems if we do not listen effectively and try to understand the message communication will break down (Lewis Graham, 2003). Empathetic listening is a form of active listening it involves silence and open mindless to try and see how the other person is feeling. It involves verbal and nonverbal feedback, as a listener we need to understand the message and to be able to relate to the message and respond with feelings and emotions, and notice the nonverbal signs that occur when they are speaking, to see their emotions are congruent with the verbal ones (Devito,2009). DeVito (2009) suggests that Interpersonal Communication is the process between two people sending and receiving information by verbal and nonverbal messages. In other words it is not just what we say but about changes in body posture, voice, eye contact all effect communication (Hargie Dickson, 2003). Therefore we need to be aware that nonverbal messages are entwined with verbal messages, and depending on who and where the conversation is we need to be aware that our nonverbal messages may overshadow or verbal ones. Communication has many barriers including language, perception, prejudice, stero typing, environmental factor, time, message complexity, poor listening skills, inadequate background knowledge, lack of feedback cultural differences (Devito, 2009). Therefore we need to think before we speak, acknowledge that our words have an impact on other and can cause positive or negative effects (Dresner, 2005). Our environment needs to be clear of noise and distraction and place where everyone can be comfortable. Prejudice and stereotyping have a large impact on communication, as we often judge people by what they are wearing, how they look and cultural difference (Devito, 2009). For effective communication we need to put this aside to treat everyone on a level playing field. Communication has numerous channels including verbal, non-verbal, written, media and electronic communication (DeVito 2009). Verbal communication is using our words to relay a message; non-verbal communication is our movements and physical response. Written consists of letters, pagers, emails and text messaging. Media channels are film, television, radio and newspapers (Devito, 2009). Channels need to be selected correctly so the message is relayed the most effective way. Written communication is best used when a sender does not need immediate feedback. Face to face communication is the most effective form of communication as it allows for the most response and immediate feedback. Phone and email are good channels for a quick response as message can be short and effective. Devito, 2009) When sending messages verbally or through writing there is always the risk communication will breakdown as there are so many elements that affect the communication process (Gudykunst Shapiro, 1996). Communication is not just defined by verbal and non-verbal messages other mediums in which we communicate include letters and emails. Communicating by writing a document or sending an email, texting a message can all have a negative consequence if we do not ensure we relay our message correctly (Devito, 2009). When communicating in this medium the reader needs to understand the purpose of the document, any form of written documentation should have an introduction; body and conclusion with clear and precise meanings ensure there is correct spelling and that the document meets the needs and interest of the reader. (Devito, 2009) Written communication should be in the correct context for the person who is reading the document. The use of plan English, and ensure the document has consistent font and layout allowing the reader to see a structured document which allows for easy reading. Written documents should also take into consideration the readers feelings, therefore a courteous, positive tone is usually appropriate for all communication, especially in business (Devito, 2009). Emails and text messaging now play a huge role in communication especially in a society that is so reliant on electronic forms of communication; text messaging is such a short communication process that the receiver can often misinterpret the sender’s message. When using this type of communication ensure the tone is appropriate, and avoid capitals. Following these guidelines may assist with effective communication. Devito, 2009) Communication by email is now a daily occurrence in personal and professional life, when writing an email they should be used along the lines of a written communication (Devito, 2009). Using technology as a medium may cause delays, which will impact on the communication process (Gudykunst Shapiro, 1996), For effective correspondence via electronic means, it is important that the sender has the correct recipient, that personal and confidential information is considered before sending and that purpose of the email is in the subject line. Emails may at times not reach the correct person, may not be read or deleted by the receiver if the subject line is not provided (Devito, 2009). The main problem with emails is that now, it is one of most used forms of written communication, people send and receive that much information, that due to limited time or interest that they miss documents rush to respond or choose one email over others, which can make emails an ineffective form of communication. Communication is a complex process, and one needs to consider all the aspects to communicate effectively. Discussion on what is effective communication; books on emotional intelligence, self-awareness are beneficial in enhancing communication. Businesses now have procedures and plans in place on how to communicate effectively in the work place (Dresner, 2005). Whether communication is verbal or written, to ensure effective communication on must ensure one has chosen the correct channel of communication, that the environment is free from distractions and is a comfortable setting. The first step is to build a rapport with the receiver, be willing to listen and to share our experiences. Understanding the persons point of view without judging or prejudice and being positive and reassuring enhances the receivers experience and allows for interaction , offers feedback, allows versatility to adapt to the circumstance. To be an effective communicator we must first be an effective listener. Communication has many barriers; we need to consider that what we say cannot be taken back, as there are always consequences to out messages. We are all different, and have different thoughts and opinions. At times we are affected by communication barriers and unfortunately due these barriers communication can fail us. Reference Caruso, D. R. , Salovey, P. (2009). The Emotional Intelligent Manager How to Devlop and Use the Four. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons Inc. Devito, J. A. (2009). The Inerpersonal Communication Book Twelfth Edition. In J. A. Devito. United States of America: Perarson Education, Inc. Dresner, M. (2005). Get Results with Effective Communication. www. stragies. com. Gudykunst , W. B. , Shapiro, R. B. (1996). Communication in Everyday Interpersonal and Intergroup Encounters. Pergamon, 20(1), 19-45. Hargie, O. , Dickson, D. (2003). Skilled Interpersonal Communication. In Resarch Theory and Practise. Routledge. Lewis, T. D. , Graham, G. (2003). 7 Tips for Effective Listening. Institue of Internal Auditors, 23-24.